Nations do not now stand in the same relation to each other that they did ages ago. [13] Although the import of people directly from Africa had been banned in 1807,[14] the domestic slave trade, still legal, was thriving. . There are forces in operation, which must inevitably work The downfall of slavery. who stand as the very lights of the church, have shamelessly given the sanction of religion and the Bible to the whole slave system. The manhood of the slave is conceded. Nevertheless, Douglass claims that this can change. It is admitted in the fact that Southern statute books are covered with enactments forbidding, under severe fines and penalties, the teaching of the slave to read or to write. That people contented themselves under the shadow of Abrahams great name, while they repudiated the deeds which made his name great. 5.0. Read its preamble, consider its purposes. Yet this is but a glance at the American slave-trade, as it exists, at this moment, in the ruling part of the United States. Douglass argues that religion is the center of the problem but also the main solution to it. Mark the sad procession, as it moves wearily along, and the inhuman wretch who drives them. I shall see, this day, and its popular characteristics, from the slaves point of view. See, too, that girl of thirteen, weeping, yes! The iron shoe, and crippled foot of China must be seen, in contrast with nature. It has made itself the bulwark of American slavery, and the shield of American slave-hunters. He expresses his belief in the speech that he and other slaves are fighting the same fight in terms of wishing to be free that White Americans, the ancestors of the white people he is addressing, fought seventy years earlier. In a case like that, the dumb might eloquently speak, and the lame man leap as an hart.But, such is not the state of the case. The arm of the Lord is not shortened, and the doom of slavery is certain. They strip the love of God of its beauty, and leave the throng of religion a huge, horrible, repulsive form. we wept when we remembered Zion. [16][17] Finally, the Act did not allow the accused individual of defending themselves in court. The oath of any two villains is sufficient, under this hell-black enactment, to send the most pious and exemplary black man into the remorseless jaws of slavery! 2. No nation can now shut itself up from the surrounding world, and trot round in the same old path of its fathers without interference. The Fugitive Slave Law makes mercy to them a crime; and bribes the judge who tries them. The evil that men do, lives after them, The good is oft-interred with their bones. $ 3.60. The Celestial Empire, the mystery of ages, is being solved. Creative people have bypassed gatekeepers for centuries to distribute what they wanted to share so badly. They find common ground in Houghton Library exhibition. [7], The Rochester Ladies' Anti-Slavery Society was founded in 1851. What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? I answer; a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim. or is it in the temple? It would, certainly, prove nothing, as to what part I might have taken, had I lived during the great controversy of 1776. They may also rise in wrath and fury, and bear away, on their angry waves, the accumulated wealth of years of toil and hardship. 00 Comments Please sign inor registerto post comments. [11] Additionally, he had spoken there less than three months prior to this speech, on March 25. You have no right to enjoy a childs share in the labor of your fathers, unless your children are to be blest by your labors. To honor Black History Month, as an introduction or review of rhetorical appeals and devices, or as a speech exemplar, this Frederick Douglass "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July" rhetoric activity is a fabulous addition to any lesson. They petitioned and remonstrated; they did so in a decorous, respectful, and loyal manner. A worship that can be conducted by persons who refuse to give shelter to the houseless, to give bread to the hungry, clothing to the naked, and who enjoin obedience to a law forbidding these acts of mercy, is a curse, not a blessing to mankind. No! What point in the anti-slavery creed would you have me argue? The right of the hunter to his prey stands superior to the right of marriage, and to all rights in this republic, the rights of God included! The accepted time with God and his cause is the ever-living now. Because the church stood behind the decision to abolish the selling and buying of people, so did the rest of the country. What characteristics does he praise about them? A John Knox would be seen at every church door, and heard from every pulpit, and Fillmore would have no more quarter than was shown by Knox, to the beautiful, but treacherous queen Mary of Scotland. You live and must die, and you must do your work. The testimony of Senator Breese, Lewis Cass, and many others that might be named, who are everywhere esteemed as sound lawyers, so regard the constitution. The 4th of July is the first great fact in your nations historythe very ring-bolt in the chain of your yet undeveloped destiny. Her speed had faltered under the weight of her child and her chains! Your high independence only reveals the immeasurable distance between us. See this drove sold and separated forever; and never forget the deep, sad sobs that arose from that scattered multitude. Is slavery among them? The speech "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" was delivered in the decade preceding the American Civil War, which lasted from 1861 to 1865 and achieved the abolition of slavery. dismay. Frederick Douglass, ca 1855, Metropolitan Museum of Art. What is this but the acknowledgement that the slave is a moral, intellectual and responsible being? All this we affirm to be true of the popular church, and the popular worship of our land and nation a religion, a church, and a worship which, on the authority of inspired wisdom, we pronounce to be an abomination in the sight of God. This page was last edited on 5 February 2023, at 19:31. By an act of the American Congress, not yet two years old, Mason and Dixons line has been obliterated, Did this law concern the mint, anise, and cumin. If youre not a person of color, its one thing to go to a couple of events or protests, or to read a few articles and move on. It saps the foundation of religion; it makes your name a hissing, and a by word to a mocking earth. He celebrates the efforts of the founding fathers of America for fighting back against the tyranny of England.[18]. It fetters your progress; it is the enemy of improvement, the deadly foe of education; it fosters pride; it breeds insolence; it promotes vice; it shelters crime; it is a curse to the earth that supports it; and yet, you cling to it, as if it were the sheet anchor of all your hopes. [8] Frederick Douglass had moved to Rochester in 1847 in order to publish his newspaper The North Star. Who can reason on such a proposition? Assignment in book chapter School Alief Early College High School Course English language and literature (ELL2002) Uploaded by God Academic year2021/2022 Helpful? These wretched people are to be sold singly, or in lots, to suit purchasers. It has been denounced with burning words, from the high places of the nation, as an execrable traffic. He argues that though the international slave trade is correctly decried as abhorrent, the people of the United States are far less vocal in their opposition to domestic slave trade. You hurl your anathemas at the crowned headed tyrants of Russia and Austria, and pride yourselves on your Democratic institutions, while you yourselves consent to be the mere tools and body-guards of the tyrants of Virginia and Carolina. What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? Heat and sorrow have nearly consumed their strength; suddenly you hear a quick snap, like the discharge of a rifle; the fetters clank, and the chain rattles simultaneously; your ears are saluted with a scream, that seems to have torn its way to the center of your soul! To do so, would be to make myself ridiculous, and to offer an insult to your understanding.There is not a man beneath the canopy of heaven, that does not know that slavery is wrong for him.What, am I to argue that it is wrong to make men brutes, to rob them of their liberty, to work them without wages, to keep them ignorant of their relations to their fellow men, to beat them with sticks, to flay their flesh with the lash, to load their limbs with irons, to hunt them with dogs, to sell them at auction, to sunder their families, to knock out their teeth, to bum their flesh, to starve them into obedience and submission to their masters? Pride and patriotism, not less than gratitude, prompt you to celebrate and to hold it in perpetual remembrance. Douglass details the hardships past Americans once endured when they were members of British colonies and validates their feelings of ill treatment. May of Syracuse, and my esteemed friend (Rev. But I differ from those who charge this baseness on the framers of the Constitution of the United States. your republican politics, not less than your republican religion, are flagrantly inconsistent. Standing with God and the crushed and bleeding slave on this occasion, I will, in the name of humanity which is outraged, in the name of liberty which is fettered, in the name of the constitution and the Bible, which are disregarded and trampled upon, dare to call in question and to denounce, with all the emphasis I can command, everything that serves to perpetuate slaverythe great sin and shame of America! Three score years and ten is the allotted time for individual men; but nations number their years by thousands. There is not a nation on the earth guilty of practices, more shocking and bloody, than are the people of these United States, at this very hour.Go where you may, search where you will, roam through all the monarchies and despotisms of the old world, travel through South America, search out every abuse, and when you have found the last, lay your facts by the side of the everyday practices of this nation, and you will say with me, that, for revolting barbarity and shameless hypocrisy, America reigns without a rival.Take the American slave-trade, which, we are told by the papers, is especially prosperous just now. It destroys your moral power abroad; it corrupts your politicians at home. They convert the very name of religion into an engine of tyranny, and barbarous cruelty, and serve to confirm more infidels, in this age, than all the infidel writings of Thomas Paine, Voltaire, and Bolingbroke, put together, have done! That point is conceded already. To him, your celebration is a sham; your boasted liberty, an unholy license; your national greatness, swelling vanity; your sounds of rejoicing are empty and heartless; your denunciations of tyrants, brass fronted impudence; your shouts of liberty and equality, hollow mockery; your prayers and hymns, your sermons and thanksgivings, with all your religious parade, and solemnity, are, to him, mere bombast, fraud, deception, impiety, and hypocrisya thin veil to cover up crimes which would disgrace a nation of savages. Oceans no longer divide, but link nations together. I do not remember ever to have appeared as a speaker before any assembly more. there is no matter in respect to which, the people of the North have allowed themselves to be so ruinously imposed upon, as that of the pro-slavery character of the Constitution. He wrote a glowing letter of encouragement to Harriet Tubman, which served as the preface to Sarah Bradfords 1869 biography about Tubmans life. Over 150,000 persons were sold between 1820 and 1830, and over 300,000 were sold between 1850 and 1860.[15]. They acknowledge it when they punish disobedience on the part of the slave. What would be thought of an instrument, drawn up, legally drawn up, for the purpose of entitling the city of Rochester to a track of land, in which no mention of land was made? Ossie DavisA Voice Ringing O'er the Gale! Is it to be settled by the rules of logic and argumentation, as a matter beset with great difficulty, involving a doubtful application of the principle of justice, hard to be understood? You may rejoice, I must mourn. Interview was lightly edited for clarity and length. But its quite another to change the way you see yourself and to grow into a person deeply committed to long-term interracial coalition building. Tell me citizens, WHERE, under the sun, you can witness a spectacle more fiendish and shocking. Hear his savage yells and his blood-chilling oaths, as he hurries on his affrighted captives! He argues that the Constitution does not permit slavery, contrary to the claims of contemporary defenders of the institution. Douglass builds his argument by using surprising contrasts, plain facts, and provocative antithesis. You declare, before the world, and are understood by the world to declare, that you hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal; and are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; and that, among these are, life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; and yet, you hold securely, in a bondage which, according to your own Thomas Jefferson, is worse than ages of that which your fathers rose in rebellion to oppose, a seventh part of the inhabitants of your country.Fellow-citizens! Table of Contents. [4], The speech "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" It was fashionable, hundreds of years ago, for the children of Jacob to boast, we have Abraham to our father, when they had long lost Abrahams faith and spirit. With brave men there is always a remedy for oppression. I answer: a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim. Americans! I lived on Philpot Street, Fells Point, Baltimore, and have watched from the wharves, the slave ships in the Basin, anchored from the shore, with their cargoes of human flesh, waiting for favorable winds to waft them down the Chesapeake. There are exceptions, and I thank God that there are. If I do not remember thee, let my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth.Fellow-citizens; above your national, tumultuous joy, I hear the mournful wail of millions! You invite to your shores fugitives of oppression from abroad, honor them with banquets, greet them with ovations, cheer them, toast them, salute them, protect them, and pour out your money to them like water; but the fugitives from your own land you advertise, hunt, arrest, shoot and kill. In that instrument I hold there is neither warrant, license, nor sanction of the hateful thing; but, interpreted as it ought to be interpreted, the Constitution is a GLORIOUS LIBERTY DOCUMENT. As the champions of oppressors, the chosen men of American theology have appearedmen, honored for their so-called piety, and their real learning. What to the Slave is the Fourth of July by Frederick Douglass annotation? By that act, Mason and Dixons line has been obliterated; New York has become as Virginia; and the power to hold, hunt, and sell men, women, and children as slaves remains no longer a mere state institution, but is now an institution of the whole United States. From what quarter, I beg to know, has proceeded a fire so deadly upon our ranks, during the last two years, as from the Northern pulpit? The Oratory of Fr. But a still more inhuman, disgraceful, and scandalous state of things remains to be presented. I answer: a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim. GAZETTE: This is your second year as host of Reading Frederick Douglass Together in Somerville. Must we allow symbols of racism on public land? In his speech, "The Hypocrisy of American Slavery . There were some technical difficulties in the first minutes of the program, which resulted in one of the panelists being a few . True Christians, according to Douglass, should not stand idly by while the rights and liberty of others are stripped away. Whether we turn to the declarations of the past, or to the professions of the present, the conduct of the nation seems equally hideous and revolting. Youll never experience a black hole, but Avi Loeb can help you imagine one, We need individual events like reading Douglass, but we also need to be thinking about ways to extend this conversation over the long term., Level of cannabis use could determine post-op outcomes, Historian says Fla. dispute shows why AP class in African American studies is needed, Why Church Committee alums urged new House panel to avoid partisanship, What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?, Rewriting history to include all of it this time. Must I argue that a system thus marked with blood, and stained with pollution, is wrong? Yea! It is neither. official permission or approval. [Under the Act] it became illegal not to arrest and return runaway slaves. For the present, it is enough to affirm the equal manhood of the Negro race. Douglass says that if the residents of America believe that slaves are "men",[20]:342 they should be treated as such. Douglass then discusses the internal slave trade in America. [6] Due to this and the variant titles given to it in various places, and the fact that it is called a July Fourth Oration but was actually delivered on July 5, some confusion has arisen about the date and contents of the speech. To drag a man in fetters into the grand illuminated temple of liberty, and call upon him to join you in joyous anthems, were inhuman mockery and sacrilegious irony. What have I, or those I represent, to do with your national independence? It is neither. It is not that pure and undefiled religion which is from above, and which is first pure, then peaceable, easy to be entreated, full of mercy and good fruits, without partiality, and without hypocrisy. But a religion which favors the rich against the poor; which exalts the proud above the humble; which divides mankind into two classes, tyrants and slaves; which says to the man in chains, stay there; and to the oppressor, oppress on; it is a religion which may be professed and enjoyed by all the robbers and enslavers of mankind; it makes God a respecter of persons, denies his fatherhood of the race, and tramples in the dust the great truth of the brotherhood of man. Many of its most eloquent Divines. Must I argue the wrongfulness of slavery? The occasion was the Society's Fourth of July celebration, but Douglass refused to give the speech on July 4; he would not celebrate the holiday so long as African Americans remained enslaved. that gash on her shoulder tells her to move on. He faults America for utter hypocrisy and betrayal of those values in maintaining the institution of slavery. The fiat of the Almighty, Let there be Light, has not yet spent its force. I am not included within the pale of this glorious anniversary! welcome atheism! [27], In the United States, the speech is widely taught in history and English classes in high school and college. By an act of the American Congress, not yet two years old, slavery has been nationalized in its most horrible and revolting form. You glory in your refinement and your universal education yet you maintain a system as barbarous and dreadful as ever stained the character of a nationa system begun in avarice, supported in pride, and perpetuated in cruelty. If I forget thee, O Jerusalem, let my right hand forget her cunning. In the second part of the speech, Douglass turns to the present and his own feelings about the 4th of July . Advertisement for the pamphlet of Douglass' speech from the July 12, 1852 edition of Frederick Douglass' Paper (formerly The North Star), Douglass begins by saying that the fathers of the nation were great statesmen, and that the values expressed in the Declaration of Independence were "saving principles", and the "ringbolt of your nation's destiny", stating, "stand by those principles, be true to them on all occasions, in all places, against all foes, and at whatever cost." The feeling of the nation must be quickened; the conscience of the nation must be roused; the propriety of the nation must be startled; the hypocrisy of the nation must be exposed; and its crimes against God and man must be proclaimed and denounced.What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? And let me warn you that it is dangerous to copy the example of a nation whose crimes, lowering up to heaven, were thrown down by the breath of the Almighty, burying that nation in irrecoverable ruin! Building off of this, Douglass criticizes the Fugitive Slave Act, holding that in this act, "slavery has been nationalized in its most horrible and revolting form." From the slave prison to the ship, they are usually driven in the darkness of night; for since the antislavery agitation, a certain caution is observed.In the deep still darkness of midnight, I have been often aroused by the dead heavy footsteps, and the piteous cries of the chained gangs that passed our door. whose chains, heavy and grievous yesterday, are, to-day, rendered more intolerable by the jubilee shouts that reach them. Panel on dispossession of African Americans says burying truth keeps Black Americans dispossessed, Legal scholar and historian puts the push to remove Confederate statues in context, Members of the community share memories, plans, hopes for the holiday, Quantum computing simulation reveals possible wormhole-like dynamics. There is not time now to argue the constitutional question at length nor have I the ability to discuss it as it ought to be discussed. We have to do with the past only as we can make it useful to the present and to the future. From Boston to London is now a holiday excursion. I, therefore, leave off where I began, with hope. He implored the Rochester, N.Y., audience to think about the ongoing oppression of Black Americans during a holiday celebrating . Douglass then pivots to the present, stating that "We have to do with the past only as we can make it useful to the present and to the future". What will this years event be like? The speech notes the contradiction of the national ethos of United States and the way enslaved persons are treated. Oh! Yet this is but a glance at the American slave-trade, as it exists, at this moment, in the ruling part of the United States.I was born amid such sights and scenes. If I do forget, if I do not faithfully remember those bleeding children of sorrow this day, may my right hand forget her cunning, and may my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth! To forget them, to pass lightly over their wrongs, and to chime in with the popular theme, would be treason most scandalous and shocking, and would make me a reproach before God and the world. In his speech, he argues that the Fourth of July is the darkest as well as most mournful . 11 ] Additionally, he argues that the slave the accused individual of defending in... Bribes the judge who tries them your politicians at home Uploaded by Academic! Only reveals the immeasurable distance between us but nations number their years by thousands the judge who tries them.. Empire, the speech is widely taught in history and English classes in School... For utter Hypocrisy and betrayal of those values in maintaining the institution colonies and validates their feelings of ill.! 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