For each word at the left, complete the four derivatives indicated. The overall impact of such public policies was almost incalculable, but it certainly aided returning veterans to better themselves and to begin forming families and having children in unprecedented numbers. C. The war ended with the Axis powers' unconditional surrender in 1945. banned resident aliens from owning property. C. to provide support to the Filipino rebels there who were putting up resistance to the Japanese Why did the Allies refuse to bomb railway lines to the Nazi death camps? C) the creation of the International Monetary Fund. We are going to win the war and we are going to win the peace that follows. C. make certain that the United States would stay neutral. The Soviet Union owed the United States a massive amount of debt. A) the participation of the United States. C. created the Office of Price Administration. What is gangsterism? Article 19 explains that people in all countries should be able to B) the Axis expanded their control of territory in western Europe. A. The preamble mentions "the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind." The United States did not sign the 1951 Refugee Convention. This request resulted in approximately four and one half hours of recordings that were used to create a fifteen-minute radio program for the Mutual Broadcasting System. D) The United States considered them enemy combatants. Choose the statement that best reflects the experiences of African Americans after the United States entered World War II. Both collections are included in this presentation. A. 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW C) the independence of former British colonies in the Middle East Although the IRO constitution was drawn up in December 1946, the organization did not begin work until 1948, when the nations paying the majority of the IROs expenses had ratified the constitution. It is actual collaboration so well calculated that all the continents of the world, and all the oceans, are now considered by the Axis strategists as one gigantic battlefield. Prevention of Soviet expansion in Asia After the United States entered World War II, WARSAW, Poland (AP) President Joe Biden, returning on Tuesday to the Polish castle where he spoke shortly after the Russian invasion of Ukraine last year, said the war had hardened Western resolve to defend democracy around the globe. ensure cooperation between the major powers of the world. How did President Roosevelt lead the mobilization of the war effort? Today, it has become far more than a parallel. "The group that benefited most, economically, from wartime production was U.S soldiers." The _____ was a turning point in the war between the United States and Japan and first demonstrated the success of the island-hopping strategy. Faced with Congressional inaction, he issued a statement, known as the "Truman Directive," on December 22, 1945, announcing that DPs would be granted priority for US visas within the existing quota system. The IRO constitution stated that refugees and displaced persons constitute an urgent problem which is international in scope and character and while displaced persons should be returned home, refugees should be assisted by international action. We would like to thank Crown Family Philanthropies and the Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. "Despite government defense contracts, corporate profits remained stagnant through the 1940s." a.) c.) Washington, DC 20024-2126 A. They used a secret Navajo code in all communications related to the invasion. Letter from Fletcher Collins to Alan Lomax, Page 1, December 11, "Man-on-the-Street," Bloomington, Indiana, December 10, 1941, "Man-on-the-Street," Austin, Texas, December 9, 1941, "Dear Mr. President," Tucson, Arizona, January or February 1942. Which U.S. government agency was formed as a response to the news that the Soviet Union had detonated a nuclear device? Six million European Jews had been murdered. How did the Nazi regime differ most from the Japanese government in the 1930s? According to Truman, his main goal in deciding to use the atomic bomb was to . This enabled Roosevelt to establish what became known as the . Yet the United States would not enter the war until it was attacked directly. (This happened just as the systematic, mass murder of the Jews began with the German invasion of the Soviet Union.) Under President Woodrow Wilson, the United States remained neutral until 1917 and then entered the war on the side of the Allied powers (the United Kingdom, France, and Russia). He motivated Americans and established agencies to direct mobilization. d.) D. At the Potsdam Conference, the Students connect themes from the film to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's concept of single stories," and then consider what it would take to tell more equitable and accurate narratives. A) segregated Jews at every level of German society. Example directobject\underline{\color{#c34632}{direct~ object}}directobject 1. A. gave orders to surrender. Classroom Materials at the Library of Congress. Truman's advisors were concerned that Great Britain might claim territory in Asia if fighting continued. B) Many Americans feared the effect of refugees on the strained job market. D. through the enlistment of volunteers to work government jobs. It allowed Germany to attack Poland with having to fight on two fronts. Choose the statement that best reflects the experience of women as a social group after the United States entered World War II. A. racial tensions related to the huge influx of laborers from Mexico. D. WACs did important jobs, including driving trucks and clerical work, for the United States Army. Choose which phrase was a factor in President Truman's decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan. There were several well-publicized cases of Japanese American spies being caught operating in the United States. b.) "We began a civil rights campaign to achieve both a victory in Europe and a victory over racism in the U.S." . "My uncle worked as a ship builder and told me about how President Roosevelt nationalized the shipping and shipbuilding industries." Fears of infiltration and espionage led to additional restrictions on visa applicants. b.) A) United States revealed its plan to use the atomic bomb. As a result, relations with Latin-American nations improved substantially under Hoover, an anti-imperialist. To seize islands vital to Japanese transportation and communication. They feature a wide diversity of opinion concerning the war and other social and political issues of the day, such as racial prejudice and labor disputes. To help your students analyze these primary sources, get a graphic organizer and guides. We expect to eliminate the danger from Japan, but it would serve us ill if we accomplished that and found that the rest of the world was dominated by Hitler and Mussolini. the Japanese were not expecting a U.S. offensive there. it halted the Japanese advance and put them on the defensive. D. He issued an order to desegregate the military. "Over 90% of us were relocated against our will to assembly centers during the war." c.) American military officials knew that many Japanese soldiers would rather die than surrender. ", a.) During the course of these interviews, Library interviewers advised some interviewees that the interviews would not be broadcast. Even the 300,000 combat deaths suffered by Americans paled in comparison to any other major belligerent. d.) Usually there was bipartisan support for most US foreign policy initiatives. C) U.S. entry into World War II. d.) What event led to the House and Senate voting to declare war? Copyright 2023 Facing History & Ourselves. B. He feared it would leave Britain vulnerable to a deadly German counter-offensive. In the final phases of World War II in Europe, The 1953 Refugee Relief Act defined refugee (someone in a non-Communist country fleeing persecution), escapee (someone fleeing communism), and expellee" (an ethnic German forced out of Eastern Europe). While the Nazis took control of Germany and planned for war in Europe, Japan aggressively expanded its control of territory in east Asia by invading Manchuria in 1931 and China in 1937. B) setting up a National Holocaust Museum. "Corporations and business owners used the assembly line to tackle production on a massive scale. America Declares War on Germany. The State Department, therefore, became responsible for enforcing the quota law, and midnight races ended. The vote was bipartisan and was not close (293-41). While overall immigration into the United States did not increase, between 35,00040,000 DPs, most of whom were Jewish, entered the United States between December 22, 1945, and July 1, 1948, under provisions of the Truman Directive. "As the war continued, the supply of weaponry became greater than demand and prices fell." The Nuremberg Laws A. through the sale of government issued war bonds A) the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights It would force the Axis to retreat from Stalingrad and give the Soviets a chance to regroup. answer choices. C) chairman of the U.N. Commission on Human Rights Goebbels wrote: On the basis of the Tripartite Pact we will probably not [be able to avoid] a declaration of war on the United States. Audie Murphy famously received the Congressional Medal of Honor for By 1968, strident debate among American about the Vietnam War signified that the Cold War consensus had shattered, perhaps beyond repair. B. leading the charge at Omaha Beach during the Allied invasion at Normandy. Between 1933 and 1941, for example, roughly 118,000 German quota slots that could have been used went unfilled. In what periods was the Mississippi River a national boundary, and why was control of the river important for the United States? C. "We were informed that our corporation would remain subject to antitrust regulations." The Second World War pitted two alliances against each other, the Axis powers and the Allied powers; the Soviet Union served 34 million men and women, Germany 18 million, the U.S 16 million, Japan 9 million, and Great Britain 6 million. Mario likes diving\underline{\text{diving}}diving best of all sports. B. C. . The principal belligerents were the Axis powersGermany, Italy, and Japanand the AlliesFrance, Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, and, to a lesser extent, China. A. D. Many Americans believed the Soviet Union posed a greater threat than the Nazis or the Japanese. A. a.) It relied too heavily on air support. The entry of the United States into World War II caused vast changes in virtually every aspect of American life. As a result, the quota for the British Isles rose from 34,007 to 65,721, while the quota for Germany fell significantly, from 51,227 to 25,957. Through the government's bracero program, To show unity among world powers Admiral Nimitz was able to secure a decisive victory against the Japanese naval forces at the Battle of Midway because give each member state an equal say in world affairs. D. "As a business owner, I had to begin to deduct a federal income tax from my employees' paychecks. Almost every country in the world participated in World War II.Most were neutral at the beginning, but only a relatively few nations remained neutral to the end. C. They had developed a new technology that was able to jam the Nazi radar. C. After the war, the United States and the international community used a series of directives, organizations, and laws to help displaced European refugees, including Holocaust survivors, immigrate to new countries. The new Protocol expanded the responsibilities to all refugees from any part of the world and at any time, but still allowed nations to define for themselves how they would assess refugee status. They sought peace through isolation and throughout the 1920s advocated a policy of disarmament and nonintervention. increasingly took on more global responsibilities. "The U.S. manufacturing sector produced less than the Axis powers did." Most of Japan's former colonies were now under U.S. control. The relationship between the Allies was complicated by A) punish Japan for carrying on the war. The rescue worker wouldn't leave the building without the little boy. The Corps offered scholarships for tuition and fees, stipends, and uniforms to women ages 17-35 who went . A. C) Germany's attention was diverted from the war in the Pacific. The American Theater was a theater of operations during World War II including all continental American territory, and extending 200 miles (320 km) into the ocean.. Owing to North and South America's geographical separation from the central theaters of conflict (in Europe, the Mediterranean and Middle East, and the Pacific) the threat of an invasion of the continental U.S. or other areas in . The Nazi forces were able to buy time for more reinforcements to arrive. A. new Geneva Convention agreements about prisoners. President Lyndon Johnson signed the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 (known as the Hart-Celler Act), which eliminated the national origins quotas that for 40 years had seriously limited the ability of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe, Africa, and Asia, to obtain US immigration visas. c.) C. legal D) Soviet Union proposed free elections throughout Eastern Europe. The Senate passed a bill on June 2, 1948, the House passed another on June 11, and a hurried compromise ensued, finally reaching the president on the final day of the congressional session. December 8, 1941 - Congress Declares War on Japan. Industry stopped . B) join political organizations. D. Japanese Americans recruited from internment camps in the Southwest, Which promise made at the Yalta Conference did Stalin ultimately renege on? B) World War I and World War II B. In his 1947 State of the Union, Truman stated, We are dealing with a human problem, a world tragedy. In his 1948 State of the Union, he argued for suitable legislation at once so that this nation may do its share in caring for homeless and suffering refugees of all faiths. Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States entered World War II and financed the Allied war effort, and helped defeat Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy in the European theater. Congress began negotiating a new immigration bill, which would set quotas for the first time on the number of immigrants from each country who could enter the United States. C. holding off a German offensive by himself after ordering his troops to withdraw. C) was a government agency that worked with the Red Cross to rescue Jews in Eastern Europe. To secure an unconditional surrender from Japan, the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of _____ and The result is a portrait of everyday life in America as the United States entered World War II. . concur\hspace{1cm}_______ing \hspace{1cm}______ed \hspace{1cm}______ent\hspace{1cm}______ence, Identify the following term or individual and explain their significance. B. to force Japan into fighting a two-front war and gain strategic positions from which to attack D) more than 20 years. He personally directed the military buildup of troops and supplies. A) Spanish Civil War and World War II ", Choose the statement that accurately reflects the relationship between private business and the federal government during World War II. In most cases, the recordings were digitized by Library of Congress staff directly from the discs on which they were originally recorded. Why is Frank hopeful that the Nazi reign will end? We are now to a certain extent protected on our flanks. Millions of men and women entered military service and saw parts of the world they would likely never have seen otherwise. a.) School Mayland Community College; Course Title HISTORY HIS 131; Uploaded By BailiffPelicanPerson609. U.S. code breakers had intercepted the Japanese plans. Visual evidence of the Holocaust, shown in popular magazines, newspapers and movie theater newsreels, did not change Americans minds towards immigration or refugees. retroactively revoked their citizenship. strategically bombing Germany's major industrial centers. b.) B. Which of these countries took an isolationist approach to foreign policy in the 1930s? D) all of the Allies suffered economically due to the war. Following World War I, the United States hoped to avoid further entanglement with European politics that had drawn us into war. Japan targeted civilian populations when they dropped bombs on the Allied Powers. Several bills were introduced to aid refugees; many more were introduced to curb or end immigration. Without any significant factual evidence, the government perceived Japanese Americans as being a threat to national security. Planning for the post-World War II world began before the United States even entered the conflict. Why was Churchill reluctant to launch a massive Allied offensive at Normandy? The IRO ceased operations on January 31, 1952, as most of its work had been taken over by other organizations, most significantly the United Nations High Commission on Refugees, an office created in 1951. B) the Great Depression destroyed U.S. foreign trade. Invite students to reflect on why it matters who tells our stories as they view a documentary film about the profound courage and resistance of the Oyneg Shabes in the Warsaw ghetto. B. the economy failed to improve. In the late 1930s, Jews fleeing Nazi persecution in Europe were consistently referred to as refugees. However, this term had no legal meaning under US law, save for theoretically exempting these immigrants from having to pass a literacy test. More colleges and universities were built in the United States. ", Choose the statement that describes an economic consequence of the United States as an "arsenal of democracy." By 1948, a new form of international tension had emerged--Cold War--between the United States and its allies and the Soviet Union and its allies. While the United States had remained neutral in the war, it responded to Japans aggression in Asia with economic sanctions that caused severe shortages of natural resources that the Japanese needed for their war effort. In particular, World War II led many women to take jobs in defense plants and factories around the country. A combination of presidential directives and congressional legislation aided other specific groups of refugees. After the Day of Infamy: "Man-on-the-Street" Interviews Following the Attack on Pearl Harbor. A. the Atlantic Charter D. It gave Germany a pledge of military support from the Soviet Union. "Since the government guaranteed a profit on sales, our corporation accepted a defense contract. The 1967 United Nations Refugee Protocol expanded the 1951 Refugee Convention, which had originally limited the definition of refugee to people who had been displaced in Europe prior to 1951. Which area on the map received the MOST aid from the U.S. prior to 1942? "The government should have adopted deficit spending during the war to boost the economy instead of focusing on keeping a balanced budget." b.) C) 71,000 people. This online presentation includes one essay: "Making and Maintaining the Original Recordings." At the last minute, the Senate rejected the Houses proposed amendment, which would have made a distinction between immigrants and refugees by exempting immigrants who could prove they were escaping political or racial persecution. B) instituted the systematic extermination of German Jews. Five million women entered the workforce between 1940-1945. C. American attempts to take over Japanese-controlled territory. b.) Diego Rivera. helping drive them out of the Soviet Union. Hundreds of thousands of liberated Jews, suffering from starvation and disease, emerged from concentration camps, hiding places, and places of temporary refuge to discover a world which still seemed to have no place for them. all of Japan's aircraft carriers were mistakenly directed to Guam. American military officials knew that many Japanese soldiers would rather die than surrender. The US military was not prepared to fight a global war in 1941. What were some similarities between racism in Nazi Germany and in the United States, 1920s-1940s? China. D) the state sponsored attack on German Jews in 1938. What did the dictators of totalitarian systems have in common? C. WACs sponsored fund raisers to purchase government war bonds. Shortly after entering World War II, the United States began the Manhattan Project to. "We were faced with the possibility of deportation even though we were U.S. citizens." b.) Immigrants from the Western Hemisphere, needed for US labor, were non-quota arrivals, exempted from the quota system. In the twenty years following 1945, there was a broad political consensus concerning the Cold War and anti-Communism. forcing Italy to surrender and change sides. D) pressuring Germany into providing financial reparations to victims of the Holocaust. The main function of the federal Office of War Information was to The executive branch of the U.S. government was given unprecedented authority with Main telephone: 202.488.0400 The IRO also operated the International Tracing Service whose purpose was to help survivors find their families and learn the fate of loved ones. This was the first time refugees gained distinct legal status under international law. D) publish material opposing the government. The Refugee Act of 1980 remains in effect. A. more denouncement In the end, the United States was forced into the war on December 7th, 1941 when Japan surprise attack the United States at Pearl Harbor. President Truman feared a second Japanese attack on American soil. The Nazi forces were crippled by having to use their reserve forces and supplies. a.) C. a pact signed by Great Britain and the United States agreeing to avoid entangling alliances with the Soviet Union In the Soviet Union, a "cult of personality" developed around Stalin. Three years after the end of the war, there were still a substantial number of displaced persons in Europe. One appeal of totalitarianism was the promise of: b.) Students reflect on, gather evidence for, and discuss the unit writing prompt in its entirety. a.) D. General Marshall was too valuable to remove from his position as Army Chief of Staff. B. In 1951, the United Nations adopted the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, which has been signed by 145 nations. Approximately 80,000 Jewish DPs entered the United States between 1948 and 1952 under the Displaced Persons Act. The United States Enters World War II. On May 24, 1924, Congress passed the Immigration Act of 1924, also known as the Johnson-Reed Act or the National Origins Act. C. Americans suffered heavy losses at Pearl Harbor. B. c.) A. work on the development of an atomic bomb. The labor demands of war industries caused millions more Americans to move--largely to the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf coasts where most defense plants located. After the Day of Infamy: "Man-on-the-Street" Interviews Following the Attack on Pearl Harbor presents approximately twelve hours of opinions recorded in the days and months following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, from more than two hundred individuals in cities and towns across the United States. A) process the forced deportation of German Jews to other countries. e) no Americans were taken prisoner by the Japanese. B. a victory by Filipino soldiers over the Japanese. D. was assassinated by a group of his own generals. After Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, the United States declared war against Japan and entered World War II. US consulates in Nazi-occupied territory shut down in July 1941. C. the brutal nature of the war in the Pacific. buying and selling coupon books for rationed goods. C. the military did not expand quickly until after the creation of the draft. designated certain areas as war zones. After a day the incident, on 8th September 1941, United States President Franklin Delano Roosevelt declared war on Japan and made its first entry into WW2. c.) was able to return its focus to domestic issues. Not all Americans participated equally in these expanding life opportunities and in the growing economic prosperity. A. C. He died of a brain hemorrhage on April 12,1945. The initial purpose of the Nazi concentration camps was supposedly to The United Nations was formed after World War II as the successor to which failed organization? This was the first time refugees gained distinct legal status under international law. Wallace would later become a crucial part of the US Navy, and serve as a Corpsman in the Pacific Theater. Public policy, like the so-called GI Bill of Rights passed in 1944, provided money for veterans to attend college, to purchase homes, and to buy farms. ", d.) ", d.) Which of these events helped increase world support for the establishment of Israel? C. d.) ", Choose the statement that describes an economic consequence of the United States as an "arsenal of democracy." A) gathered widespread support for the creation of a Jewish homeland. "The government rejected deficit spending as a way to finance war production." Why was Hitler happy that the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor? In these past few yearsand, most violently, in the past three dayswe have learned a terrible lesson. What major advantage did the United States possess over the Soviet Union following the war? expand world trade through the reduction of tariffs. Positive his heroic conduct in Guam and the Philippines. C. generate support for the war effort and boost morale through the media. Claudia Bautista, Santa Monica, Calif. You must have JavaScript enabled to use this form. d.) In an attempt to prevent American interference in the Pacific war, Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, the US naval station in Hawaii, in a surprise attack on December 7, 1941. Which was effectively an economic declaration of war against Germany and the Axis Powers? A second series of interviews, called "Dear Mr. President," was recorded in January and February 1942. D. He thought that the United States would try to establish a permanent military presence in Western Europe. They were chosen randomly. A) the war in Europe was over. c.) Usually it refers to the period when the United States and other members of the SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) joined the forces with the Republic of South Vietnam to contest communist forces, comprised of South Vietnamese guerrillas and regular-force units, generally known as Viet Cong (VC), and . laborers migrated from Mexico to work in factories in the North. The American forces liberated Paris and much of occupied France. A) travel anywhere within the country. instituted the Congress of Racial Equality. Before the Holocaust, approximately how much of Europe's Jewish population lived in Poland? D) She is certain the Germans will lose the war. ____________________ Petra prefers water-skiing and is quite good at it. The United States did not sign the 1951 United Nations Refugee Convention, instead passing its own set of laws which also aided specific groups of refugees for limited periods of time. To divide the German army American officials were concerned that unfriendly governments would use family members as hostages or bargaining chips to coerce immigrants to commit acts of sabotage or espionage. ", d.) D. C. the British Royal Air Force They included Jews who had survived the Holocaust and many others who were fleeing the Soviet control. the Central Intelligence Agency. A. 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