Basically this is referring to a stand alone structure with platform. Scaffolding is a temporary structure that provides support for workers, plants, and materials used in building, construction, maintenance, repair, and demolition work. Therefore, employers are required to provide safe scaffold access. Unstable objects, such as bricks, cinder blocks, buckets, scrap lumber, etc., shall not be used to support or level scaffolds. The size of the mud sill shall be based on the type of soil the scaffold will be erected upon. [, Slip-resistant surfaces on treads and landings. This is one more reason for always using fall protection. Step 2. [, Stair rails and handrails surfaced to prevent punctures or lacerations to employees, and to prevent snagging of clothing. [, Scaffold platforms must be able to support their own weight, plus four times the maximum intended load. Footing. Cross braces must keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square; All brace connections must be secured to prevent dislodging; Frames and panels must be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins or equivalent means; Frames and panels must be locked together to prevent uplift (separation of a Avoid propping the scaffolding frames up on the side of the bed. Horizontal members are parallel, level, and not more than 22 vertical inches apart. All brace connections must be secured to prevent dislodging. Barricades to keep personnel out of a hazardous area. Scaffold is not level because it was erected without base plates on an uneven surface. They can also choose if they want it mobile or stationary. The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes. The Scaffold cross braces should never be used as a means of access. There were no guardrails at the working level. See Appendix A of Subpart L for non-mandatory toeboard guidelines. Heavy-duty scaffolds can support 75 pounds per square foot. Each frame or panel shall be braced by horizontal bracing, cross bracing, diagonal bracing or any combination thereof for securing vertical members together laterally. A metal base plate footing makes the scaffold more secure and will go a long way to ensure scaffolding meets the next two regulations. [, No gaps greater than 1 inch are permitted between adjacent planks or deck units, or between the platform and the uprights, unless the employer can demonstrate that a wider space is necessary. You will need many of each component for larger structures. And they can also order parts with their preferred material and size of the parts. Employers are required to provide fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds where it is feasible, and where installing and using it does not create a greater hazard. Integral (built-in) scaffold access frames must: Stair towers (scaffold stairway/towers) must have (Figure 7): Direct access to or from another surface is permitted only when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches horizontally and not more than 24 inches vertically from the other surface. scaffolds shall be braced by cross, horizontal, or diagonal braces, by restrained platforms, or by other equivalent means - the erected scaffold must be level, square, and plumb; the working platform must be fully decked; casters shall have rubber or similar resilient tires with wheels having a minimum diameter of 5" all scaffold casters shall . B. [, Ties, guys, braces, or outriggers shall be used to prevent tipping of supported scaffolds bearing eccentric loads, such as cantilevered work platforms. [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(5)]. The scaffold should be plumb, level and square. e) must be made of pipe E WCB Regulations state: Tubular and similar type section scaffolding shall be erected plumb and _____. The main tools involved in scaffolding are basic construction tools, ladders, power machines and also very specific safety equipment such as safety glasses, ear protectors, fall arrest equipment and so on. Once erected, provide toeboards on all railed sides to prevent falling object hazards. [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(2)], The employer must designate a competent person, who would be responsible for determining the feasibility and safety of providing fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds. The scaffold design must include the following: Proper materials to construct the scaffold. The guardrail system shall be installed along all open sides and ends of the platform before being used as a work platform by employees. Uplift is the separation of a frame from the frame below it. (Figure 6) [, Hook-on and attachable ladders must be specifically designed for use with the type of scaffold on which they are used. by Grant Davis | Construction, Insurance, Safety Tips | 0 comments. The employer must provide suitable access to and between scaffolds, such as portable ladders, hook-on ladders, attachable ladders and stairway-type ladders. When platform units are abutted together to create a long platform, each abutted end must rest on a separate support surface. [, Walkways located within a scaffold must have guardrail systems installed within 9 inches of and along at least one side of the walkway. Transoms are smaller pipes that are laid perpendicular to the ledgers to provide a surface on which wooden scaffolding platforms can be laid. Planking on this platform should be six planks wide, instead of only two. [, Have minimum rung length of 11 inches. The technical storage or access is strictly necessary for the legitimate purpose of enabling the use of a specific service explicitly requested by the subscriber or user, or for the sole purpose of carrying out the transmission of a communication over an electronic communications network. Stability and durability are the key components for the scaffold towers to be safe. Improper Access Leads to Serious Injuries. In the same vein, a "true" corner would be squared to exactly 90 degrees. The momentum of the frame thrust the employee backward off the second level. To ensure the scaffold is "square", use a tape measure and measure the distance between opposite corners. Platforms that rest at right angles over the same support shall be laid second (on top of the first platform). fold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," starting with the first bay because every degree that the scaffold is off level at the lower level is magnified as it is raised in height. Others, such as swivel couplers, can be used for a variety of purposes; they can be positioned to allow various angles and crosses among the types of piping. . The scaffold was constructed on a poured concrete floor and had been leveled. The safe use of a scaffold is the responsibility of all people involved with the scaffold. Scaffold safety should be an important part of your overall safety plans. [29 CFR 1926.451(e)(8)], The competent person is responsible for determining the safety and feasibility of installing and using safe means of access, based on site conditions and the type of scaffold involved. (Figure 5) [, Frames and panels must be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins or equivalent means. [, Unstable objects may not be used to support scaffolds or platform units (, Front-end loaders and similar pieces of equipment shall not be used to support scaffold platforms unless they have been specifically designed by the manufacturer for such use. This will have an impact on what components you will need as well as how many of each component will be necessary to complete your tasks. [, Nothing that could cause a slip, trip or fall (i.e. The main components are scaffolding tubes, scaffold clamps, and base plates. (True or False) _____ 2. Our goal is to achieve long-term relationships focused on bringing value to your risk management and insurance programs. Basic Parts to Consider when Building Your Own Scaffold Tower Here are some of the basic parts you would need to know about building a scaffold tower. Top rails (manufactured after 1/1/2000) must be 38 - 45 inches above the platform surface. (For mobile scaffolds, the maximum height of the screw jack is 12 inches.). (j) Scaffold planks must extend over their end supports not less than 6 inches nor more than 18 inches. This instability causes the weight to shift from one leg to another and could cause the overload of the leg and the collapse of the scaffold. [, Guardrails must be surfaced to prevent punctures or lacerations to employees and to prevent snagging of clothing, which may cause employees to lose their balance. Prepares layout, using rule, framing square, and calipers. An access ladder or equivalent safe access must be provided. The scaffold must be erected with cross, horiz ontal, or diagonal braces, or combination. Tube and coupler scaffold design must comply with 29 CFR 1926.451-.452. The standard dimensions are 5 foot and 7 foot long. Safe points of anchorage include structural members of buildings, but not standpipes, vents, electrical conduit, etc., which may give way under the force of a fall. Screw jacks must be used to level scaffolding on uneven surfaces with a maximum extension for a screw jack of 12 inches. The ladder must extend 1 m (3 ft.) above the landing. Standards are vertical pipes that are connected with clamps or couplers to give the structure its height; ledgers are horizontal braces that steady the structure and give it width. Toeboards must be installed on work platforms where materials or tools will be in use. Because the frames are stacked, the cross braces have to keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square. Installed protective coverings to prevent accidental contact with the lines. Requirements to prevent falls that apply only to these workers are addressed separately below. bearer) at an angle other than a right angle, shall be laid first. Keep the scaffold level, plumb, and square. Where the frame of the scaffold will be used for access, the manufacturer must specify in writing that it was designed for such purposes. To control the risk of a scaffold falling or collapsing, employers must assure that scaffolds are built within OSHA standards relating to strength and structural integrity. [. 22. An employee was constructing the third level of a tubular, welded-frame scaffold while standing on the second level. Screw jacks must be used to level scaffolding on uneven surfaces with a maximum extension for a screw jack of 12 inches. Tip: A level may be used frequently during assembly to guarantee that new structural components remain in line. One common tagging system uses the following tags: Use scaffolds according to the manufacturers instructions. Because the frames are stacked, the cross braces have to keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square. All brace connections must be secured to prevent dislodging. Midrails must be capable of supporting at least 150 pounds applied in a downward or outward direction. Tube and coupler scaffold design must comply with 29 CFR 1926.451-.452. One must also consider all the necessary components and hardware needed in order to have the safest most accessible construction work platform. Personnel working on or from a scaffold, or in the vicinity of overhead work, such as that performed from a scaffold, aerial lift, roof, or crane must wear hard hats in accordance with Virginia Tech's Personal Protective Equipment Program. Therefore, assessing personnel abilities should be a part of all phases of the scaffolding inspection. 1926.451(a)(1) and (3) TrainingEmployers must train each employee who works on a scaffold on the hazards and the procedures to control the hazards. [, All brace connections must be secured to prevent dislodging. perfectly vertical) and braced to prevent swaying and displacement. Cross-braces of the proper length must be used to ensure that the scaffold will remain plumb and rigid. Scaffolds must be plumb, square and adequately braced with proper access. Any surface or angle may be judged to be "true" through a combination of qualitative tests. Never load a scaffold beyond its maximum intended load or rated capacity. (True or False) _____ 3. Plumb and level all scaffolds as the erection proceeds. For example, a . Scaffolds must be fully planked or decked whenever possible. A specific access, such as a mounted ladder, must be used. Medium-duty scaffolds can support 50 pounds per square foot. [. Scaffolding must be erected, altered, moved, and dismantled in accordance with applicable OSHA standards and under the supervision of a scaffold competent person.Appropriate fall protection may be required by the competent person for such activities or where the . In addition, there is a lot of information regarding building your own scaffold towers on the Internet. Tip: Because it may be difficult to determine if a power line is insulated, or what its exact voltage is, the 10 foot rule should always be applied. The nature of any electrical hazards, fall hazards, and falling object hazards in the work area. [, Employees performing overhand bricklaying operations from a supported scaffold must be protected from falling from all open sides and ends of the scaffold, except at the side next to the wall being laid. Canopy structures made of solid materials. Has lockable wheels if it is a mobile rolling scaffold. [, Non-mandatory examples of criteria that will enable an employer to comply with, Scaffolds are to be erected, moved, dismantled, or altered only by experienced and trained employees who have been selected for that work by the competent person. Construction and loading must comply with engineered designs and manufacturers requirements. NOTE: Except where indicated, these requirements also apply to manually propelled, pump jack, ladder jack, tube and coupler, and pole scaffolds, as well as the specialty scaffolds described in the Supported Scaffolds module. And frames that stick out past the side of the bed can be . Additional requirements for these scaffolds can be found in their respective modules. [, As frames are stacked, cross braces must be of such length as will automatically keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square. Plumb and level the scaffold as it is being erected. To be specific, a "true" surface is as "plumb" or as "level" as the job requires (which, in most cases, is a perfect level of both or either). 2. Fasten all couplers and/or connections . Something that is "plumb" runs perpendicular to the horizonmeaning that when it intersects the horizon, it makes a right (90 degree) angle. Tip: For the same reason, cleats or other means of connecting planks should be on the underside. Suspension scaffold rigging must at least 6 times the intended load. OSHA 1926.454 (c) states: When an employer has reason to believe . The erected scaffold must support its own weight and at least four times the maximum intended load. Each frame or panel shall be braced by horizontal bracing, cross bracing, diagonal bracing or any combination thereof for securing vertical members together laterally. Too much material being stored on the platform. Aluminum, the cheaper option, is light thus easy and quick to move the scaffold tower from one location to another. We commit to utilizing our collective talent to support your risk management and insurance goals. In such cases, the gap will be as small as possible and not exceed 9 inches. Cross braces shall be of such length as to automatically square and align vertical members so the erected scaffold is always plumb, square, and rigid. Also, note that the planks are bowing because the bricks are loaded at one point on the platform instead of being evenly distributed. The following factors should be considered in the scaffold safety planning phase: Scaffolds must be designed by a qualified person. [, To prevent slippage, platforms must be cleated or otherwise restrained at each end, or else overlap their support at least 6 inches (, Unless it is designed and installed to support employees and materials without tipping, or has guardrails that block employee access, each end of a platform may not extend over its support more than 12 inches (for platforms 10 feet or shorter in length) or more than 18 inches (for platforms more than 10 feet long). Inadequacies in an affected employee's work indicate that the employee has not retained the necessary proficiency. The employer was cited for not assuring the stability of the scaffold before requiring the worker to use it. Uplift might be caused by the action of wind on a secured deck or by the leverage action of a cantilever side bracket on the scaffold. Guys, ties and braces shall be installed where horizontal members support both inner and outer legs. The two measurements should be equal. 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