Europes eastern boundary, however, is not a cultural, political, or economic discontinuity on the land comparable, for example, to the insulating significance of the Himalayas, which clearly mark a northern limit to South Asian civilization. Trade relations beyond its frontiers also drew the remoter regions into its sphere. A landlocked country of towering mountains, deep Alpine lakes, grassy valleys dotted with . The gods could both reward and punish travelers and traders with favorable or unfavorable sea conditions. As part of an international agreement signed at the conference, all 27 member states of the European Union agreed to reduce carbon emissions by 20 percent by 2020 (from 1990 levels).The EU also notified the UN of a conditional offer to increase this cut to 30 percent, provided that other major emitters agree to take on their fair share of a global reduction effort. This conditional offer illustrates the tension that was present at the conference between developed countries high carbon emissions and developing countries low or rising carbon use. Enacting regional social policies and economic legislation, especially through bodies like the European Union, may help curb that trend. With such a large number of nationalities compacted into such a small area, Europe strongly supports individual cultural identities and products.The European Capitals of Culture program, started in 1985, has become one of Europes most important and high-profile cultural events. She or he will best know the preferred format. Holland is a nation of cyclists. Whats the Difference Between Great Britain and the United Kingdom. Switzerland's administrative capital is Bern, while Lausanne serves as its judicial centre. Europe Facts | Religion: Most of the European people are Christians (76%) and there are smaller numbers of Muslims (6%) and Jews and other beliefs. ft. home is a 4 bed, 4.0 bath property. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Today, this is the German-speaking region of the country.Around this same time, Roman conquerors took over present-day southern Switzerland. As a conceptual construct, Europa, as the more learned of the ancient Greeks first conceived it, stood in sharp contrast to both Asia and Libya, the name then applied to the known northern part of Africa. Population Density188 people per square kilometer, Highest ElevationMount Elbrus, Russia (5,642 meters/18,510 feet), Most Renewable Electricity ProducedIceland (99.9%; hydropower, geothermal), Largest Urban AreaMoscow, Russia (16.2 million people), Largest WatershedVolga River (1.38 million square km/532,821 square miles). Important Scandinavian companies focused on designed products include Electrolux, which makes home electronics, and Ikea and H&M, famous around the world for inexpensive but well-designed home furnishings and clothing, respectively. Nations that use the euro as a unit of currency are called the eurozone.Leadership of the EU, split among different branches and institutions, is a working model of international cooperation. These regional labels are used more for identification than for regional analysis. The low starting elevation makes the Volga a slow flowing river. Europe Facts for KS2 Children. Topography studies the . Europe has less precipitation in the east than in central and western Europe. For the political geography of Europe, see, Countries consisting solely of islands or parts of islands, Countries bordering or spanning another continent, Countries whose capital is not the most populous, List of countries by the number of other countries they border, Last edited on 19 February 2023, at 19:57, List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe, List of European tornadoes and tornado outbreaks, List of the highest European ultra-prominent peaks, Special member state territories and the European Union, Language facts European day of languages, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Europe&oldid=1140367331, Lower Danubian Plain, between Balkan Mountains and, This page was last edited on 19 February 2023, at 19:57. Flourishing immigrant communities are bringing in new languages to the continent, including Arabic, Hindi, and Mandarin.A 2006 European study showed that 53 percent of respondents could speak a second language, while 28 percent could speak two foreign languages. In 2005, the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten published 12 cartoons featuring Islamic subjects. About 18% of all Europeans consider themselves as atheist or not religious. The geology of Europe is hugely varied and complex, and gives rise to the wide variety of landscapes found across the continent, from the Scottish Highlands to the rolling plains of Hungary. Encyclopedic entry. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. (The East and North European plains are known together as the European Plain.) Of the top 10 largest lakes in Europe, 6 are in Russia, although 1 partly sits in Estonia. City-states were unique in that they were governed not by a hereditary ruler, but by a political body that represented its citizens. This map shows the physical features of Europe, surrounding lands, and offshore areas. Italy is separated from the Balkans by the Adriatic Sea, and from Iberia by the Mediterranean Sea, which also separates Europe from Africa. Sweden has a long history that began with prehistoric hunting camps in the southernmost part of the country. They have always been called Eastern Europe which was also, always assumed to be communist and divided by the Iron Curtain. Four broad topographic units can be simply, yet usefully, distinguished in the continent of Europe. The western part of the continent clearly has a high proportion of coastline with good maritime access and often with . Europe's main peninsulas are the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, located in southern Europe, and the Scandinavian and Jutland, located in Northern Europe. The biggest part of the United Kingdom (also called the U.K.) is the island of Great Britain, which is made up of England, Wales, and Scotland. The climate supports a wide variety of seasonal crops. You can actually get very close to the falls and safely, thanks to a well maintained hiking trail. Imperialism is a policy that has been used throughout history, most notably by European powers and the United States. The continent also comprises numerous islands, somenotably the Faroes and Icelandlocated at a distance from the mainland. Antwerp is the biggest city of the country. Topography often records the various elevations of an area using a topographical map. Biology, Ecology, Earth Science, Geology, Geography, Physical Geography. 0. Topographic maps show a wide range of human and physical features of the Earth. In partitioning the globe into meaningful large geographic units, therefore, most modern geographers treated the former Soviet Union as a distinct territorial entity, comparable to a continent, that was somewhat separate from Europe to the west and from Asia to the south and east; that distinction has been maintained for Russia, which constituted three-fourths of the Soviet Union. The most common way to show this is using topographical maps. In spite of its internal diversity, Europe has thus functioned, from the time it first emerged in the human consciousness, as a world apart, concentratingto borrow a phrase from Christopher Marloweinfinite riches in a little room.. Arts and Music, Geography, Human Geography, Social Studies, Economics, World History. Some of Europe's major mountain ranges are: Land area in different classes of European mountainous terrain (classification from UNEP-WCMC): The high mountainous areas of Europe are colder and have higher precipitation than lower areas, as is true of mountainous areas in general. Population growth is comparatively slow, and median age comparatively high in relation to the world's other continents. The financial crisis, along with concerns about immigrants connections to terrorism and religious extremism, has caused Europe to develop a more guarded approach to immigration. There are more bicycles than people in the country (22.3 million bicycles and 17 million people). CORDIS website requires JavaScript enabled in order to work properly. These projected changes will have two major effects: There will be a smaller work force to create a dynamic and industrious economy, and governments and citizens will have to care for more elderly people.These changes will affect different regions of Europe in different ways. A study completed by the Berlin Institute for Population and Development found that Scandinavia, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, western Germany, Switzerland, Slovenia, Austria, and France have the best prospects of supporting vibrant and economically successful societies. Spain is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula to the south of France and Andorra and to the east of Portugal. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. The Kimmel Falls are in Hohe Tauen National Park and are one of Austrias most visited tourist attractions. The creation of the European Economic Community in 1957 and the EU in 1993 greatly enhanced economic cooperation between many of the continents countries. A small troop of Barbary macaques lives on the tiny island of Gibraltar, between Spain and the African country of Morocco.The waters surrounding Europe are home to a number of organisms, including fish, seaweeds, marine mammals, and crustaceans. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. The western boundary is the Atlantic Ocean. Most Greek gods and goddesses are representations of the active physical elements that made up the local landscape. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. Key Facts. Some of these facts about Europe are newer than others. The Volga River in Russia. The North European Plain remains the most densely populated region of Europe.Central UplandsThe Central Uplands extend east-west across Central Europe and include western France and Belgium, southern Germany, the Czech Republic, and parts of northern Switzerland and Austria.The Central Uplands are lower in altitude and less rugged than the Alpine region and are heavily wooded. It is the continent's second largest island (after Great Britain). Fast Facts: France Official Name: French Republic Capital: Paris Population: 67,364,357 (2018) Note: This figure is for metropolitan France and five overseas regions; the metropolitan France population is 62,814,233 The United States and the Soviet Union built up huge nuclear arsenals, with many missiles aimed at targets throughout Europe. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. Russia is Europe's largest country. As to the territorial limits of Europe, they may seem relatively clear on its seaward flanks, but many island groups far to the north and westSvalbard, the Faroes, Iceland, and the Madeira and Canary islandsare considered European, while Greenland (though tied politically to Denmark) is conventionally allocated to North America. Rocks of all geologic periods are exposed, and the operation of geologic forces during an immense succession of eras has contributed to the molding of the landscapes of mountain, plateau, and lowland and has bequeathed a variety of mineral reserves. The Brde (German: edge) belt lies at the northern foot of the Central European Uplands and the Carpathians. Europe's highest peak, Mount Elbrus at 5,642 meters (18,510 feet), is in the Caucasus Mountains of Russia. Europe's most significant geological feature is the dichotomy between the highlands and mountains of Southern Europe and a vast, partially underwater, northern plain ranging from Great Britain in the west to the Ural Mountains in the east. Establishing fishing limits, protecting threatened habitats, and encouraging sustainable consumption habits are some efforts supported by European conservationists. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. The continent is awash with stunning beaches so its only right that the facts of European geography include its longest beach. Europe is sometimes called a "peninsula of peninsulas", to draw attention to the fact that Europe is a relatively small, elongated appendage to Asia, and that a large part of Europe is made up of peninsulas. These countries included Greece, Ireland, Spain, and Portugal. The central uplands and plateaus present distinctive landscapes of rounded summits, steep slopes, valleys, and depressions. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. It runs for 2,294 miles through central Russia. Automobile companies such as BMW, Mercedes, and Audi are known throughout the world for creating cars with dynamic designs and an engaging driving experience. By supporting this policy, the European Union hopes it will strengthen social, educational, professional, and economic ties in Europe and make the continent more competitive in global markets.Europes cultural products also help unify the region. 5 x Fun Facts about Europe The longest town name in Europe is Lanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogo, in Wales The Czech Republic is the most beer-drinking country per capita There are more UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Europe than any other continent in the world The highest toilet can be found at Mount Blanc The program highlights Europes rich cultural diversity, celebrates its cultural ties, and brings people of different European backgrounds together. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. The Balkan peninsula is separated from Asia by the Black and Aegean Seas. European Commission: European Capital of Culture. Desert climates are found in the European portion of Kazakhstan and South Eastern Spain. Today much of topography is focused on creating 3D representations of the Earth's surface. On February 17, 2008, the province of Kosovo declared independence from Serbia and became Europe's youngest country. The European bison (Bison bonasus), the heaviest land animal on the continent, is one of the most threatened species.Beginning in the 20th century, many governments and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have worked to restore some of Europe's rich biodiversity. The 15 rivers of Europe by average discharge, including only rivers directly flowing into the World Ocean or Endorheic basins: Aegean Islands, land, Balearic Islands, Corsica, Crete, Cyprus (Adjacent to Asia), Fyn, Faroe Islands, Gotland, Great Britain, Hinnya, Iceland, Ionian Islands, Ireland, Malta, North Jutlandic Island, Saaremaa, Sardinia, Senja, Sicily, Svalbard and Zealand. 3. A convenient division is made by a line linking the base of the peninsula of Jutland with the head of the Adriatic Sea. Topography and bathymetry are shown in a combination of color with shaded relief. Furthermore, the Mediterranean coastlands of North Africa and southwestern Asia also exhibit some European physical and cultural affinities. When it comes to geographical facts about Europe, and in particular the mountains, most people will assume that the names at the top of the list will be the famous Mont Blanc or the Matterhorn. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. They created clothing and tents out of reindeer hides, sewing together the cloth with twine made from the animals tendons.Keeping track of herds and individual animals became increasingly important in Sami life. Many of its events encouraged community involvement and civic engagement. There are also central highlands and deserts features in the south. The tundra, found in Iceland and the northern reaches of Scandinavia and Russia, is a treeless region where small mosses, lichens, and ferns grow. Political geography is the internal and external relationships between governments, citizens, and territories. The financial crisis is defined by debt and high unemployment. Grades 6 - 12+ Subjects Arts and Music, Economics, Geography, Human Geography, Social Studies, World History Photograph Europe Europe is the western peninsula of the giant "supercontinent" of Eurasia. The North European Plain, common to much of Poland, northern Germany, and Denmark, broadens in western France and continues, across the narrow seas, in southeastern Great Britain and Ireland. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Greater Milan is the largest Metropolitan Area in Italy. The city is home to the headquarters of luxury brands such as Valentino, Gucci, Versace, and Prada. It's a multi-lingual continent. Updated: 07/28/2022 Table of Contents The Netherlands is bordered by Germany in the east; and Belgium in the south. It is geographically positioned both in the Northern and Eastern hemispheres of the Earth. It is characterized by simple, minimalist design and low-cost mass production. Europes largest and longest river is the Volga. 3. Lake Ladoga is the worlds 14th largest lake by area, and Russia also has the deepest lake in the world Lake Baikal. The other landlocked countries are "standalone" landlocked, not bordering any other such European one (the emphasis is necessary, since Kazakhstan borders Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan, thus forming a vast landlocked expanse in Central Asia). Each country could easily make a contribution with an interesting fact as the landscape changes so dramatically across small spaces, unlike other continents. Europe extends from the island nation of Iceland in the west to the Ural Mountains of Russia in the east. Within the standard geographical boundaries, it is comprised of 737 million. You cannot download interactives. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. The ultimate fate of the European Space Agency's JUICE mission could drastically change should it succeed in discovering that Ganymede's ocean is both potentially habitable and accessible. I think this makes it easy to assume they are not part of continental Europe. Certain countries and regions have even developed an identity or branding focused on specific products and exports.Scandinavian design, for instance, is primarily focused on fashion and home wares. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. The North European Plain extends across the country's northern reaches; this flat, lowland terrain is dissected by . As observed on Germany's physical map, the country's topography varies significantly from north to south. From the Greek perspective then, Europa was culturally backward and scantily settled. The northern plains are delimited in the west by the Scandinavian mountains and the mountainous parts of the British Isles. Social Sci LibreTexts - Introduction to Europe, National Geographic - Europe: Physical Geography, Europe - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Europe - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), China says EU TikTok ban will harm business confidence, What time is it on moon? The eastward limits now adopted by most geographers exclude the Caucasus region and encompass a small portion of Kazakhstan, where the European boundary formed by the northern Caspian coast is connected to that of the Urals by Kazakhstans Emba River and Mughalzhar (Mugodzhar) Hills, themselves a southern extension of the Urals. Associated vegetation and soil forms also show continual variety, but only portions of the dominant woodland that clothed most of the continent when humans first appeared now remain. Developed countries, however, are also facing economic challenges. Only North Korea has such high literacy rates as Ukraine. Elevations in those areas are mainly between about 500 and 2,000 feet (150 and 600 metres), and many steep slopes are to be seen. Switzerland, federated country of central Europe. A growing percentage of people in urban areas are employed in a wide range of service activities, which have come to dominate the economies of most countries. Europe has a diversity of terrains, physical features, and climates. Glaciers are found in a surprisingly large number of European countries, including Iceland, Norway, Spain, France, Switzerland, Austria and Germany. Europe also supports high densities of population, concentrated in urban-industrial regions. They serve as traditional labels of geographic location. Europe's shape is in a constant change: The Mediterranean basin is shrinking, the Alps are rising and pushing North, and Scandinavia is still rebounding after having been crushed by the weight of a thick and huge ice sheet in the ice ages. Examination of Turkey's topographic structure on a physical map of the world shows clearly the . FAST FACTS OFFICIAL NAME: Ireland FORM OF GOVERNMENT: Constitutional Democracy CAPITAL: Dublin POPULATION: 5,068,050 MONEY:. The Anatolian peninsula is the westernmost point of Asia, divided from Europe by the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Map created by National Geographic Maps. The Alpine region also includes active volcanoes, such as Mount Etna and Mount Vesuvius in Italy. 12. It stands 10,922 feet high on the coast of the Mediterranean island Sicily. Greece is well known for the thousands of islands dotting the three seas that surround the country. Yet it was not until the 19th and 20th centuries that modern science was able to draw with some precision the geologic and geographic lineaments of the European continent, the peoples of which had meanwhile achieved domination overand set in motion vast countervailing movements amongthe inhabitants of much of the rest of the globe (see Western colonialism). Read More: 25 Unbelievable Facts about North Korea that you must know. Germany's largest wooded area,. Europe is the western peninsula of the giant "supercontinent" of Eurasia. One Capital of Culture of 2011, Turku, Finland, focused on cultures positive influence on health and well-being. 7 Fun and Fashionable DIY Animal Ears That You Should Make Look like a Fashionista by Color Coordinate Your Outfits like a Pro Introverts Vs Extroverts Which One Are You. Looking for interesting facts about Austria? More than 200 languages are spoken in Europe. Topography describes the physical features of an area of land. In order to distinguish herds, families and communities developed a pattern of cuts and notches on the animals ears.Reindeer were also the Samis main method of transporting goods during their nomadic journeys. Ive enjoyed my journey through some facts of European geography hope you did too! The southern regions are mountainous while moving north the terrain descends from the high Alps, Pyrenees, and Carpathians, through hilly uplands, into broad, low northern plains, which are vast in the east. In the extreme northern part (northernmost Russia; Svalbard), bordering the Arctic Ocean, is tundra climate (Et). Asia is not Europe ;-). The language survives in Switzerland because of the remote location of its native speakers.Contemporary CulturesEuropes rich and diverse cultural heritage continues to flourish today. Roma are a people and culture native to central and eastern Europe. When it . Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, and North Macedonia constitute a contiguous landlocked agglomeration of eight countries in Central Europe and the Balkans, stretching from Geneva all the way to Skopje. To contact our editors please use our contact form. In fact, the most famous symbol of the Iron Curtain was the Berlin Wall, which divided the East German city of Berlin into western and eastern-controlled parts.The economic and political demise of the Soviet Union led to the end of the Iron Curtain in the late 1980s. She or he will best know the preferred format. The five most spoken native languages in Europe are Russian, German, French English, Turkish and Italian. The highest peaks in those ranges are Mount Corno (9,554 feet [2,912 metres]) in the Abruzzi Apennines, Bobotov Kuk (8,274 feet [2,522 metres]) in the Dinaric Alps, Mount Botev (7,795 feet [2,376 metres]) in the Balkan Mountains, Gerlachovsk Peak (Gerlach; 8,711 feet [2,655 metres]) in the Western Carpathians, and Mount Moldoveanu (8,346 feet [2,544 metres]) in the Transylvanian Alps. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. These journeys varied in length, depending on the migration patterns of specific reindeer herds. Longest beach The longest beach in Ireland is a continuous 20km stretch of sand in County Wexford connecting Cahore Point to The Raven Point. Not only is it pretty huge (2.5 times the size of Mount Vesuvius, which so famously buried Pompeii), but it is also one of the most active volcanoes in the world. That civilization is distinguished from the rest of Europe by legacies of a medieval Mongol-Tatar domination that precluded the sharing of many of the innovations and developments of European Western civilization; it became further distinctive during the relative isolation of the Soviet period. English, Turkish and Italian cultural affinities the creation of the peninsula of Jutland with the head of world. Policy that has been used throughout history, most notably by European conservationists as Ukraine punish and. Than others enhanced economic cooperation between many of its native speakers.Contemporary CulturesEuropes rich and diverse cultural heritage continues to today. Encyclopedias for elementary and high unemployment, German, French English, Turkish and Italian Ireland Spain. 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